About: Database Management System Comparison -- Relational Tables and Relational Graphs oriented Systems

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Tabulated comparison of different kinds of Applications for managing on Data represented as Entity Relationship Types (Relations). Tables creation was aided by the wonderful Tables Generator Tool

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Database Management System Comparison -- Relational Tables and Relational Graphs oriented Systems

Tabulated comparison of different kinds of Applications for managing on Data represented as Entity Relationship Types (Relations). Tables creation was aided by the wonderful Tables Generator Tool

HTML Content -- Tabulated RDF Triple/Quad Store and Graph Database Comparison

	RDF Triple Store and RDF Quad Store (RDF Graphs)	Single-Model RDBMS (Graphs)	Single-Model RDBMS (Tables)	Multi-Model RDBMS (Tables and/or RDF Graphs)
Entity Identifiers	IRIs (open standard from IETF)	Proprietary	Proprietary	IRIs (open standard from IETF) and Proprietary
Entity Relationship Type (Relation) Modeling	RDF Sentences/Statements (depictable as Directed Graphs)	Proprietary (depictable as Directed Graphs)	Tables	Tables or RDF Sentences/Statements (depictable as Directed Graphs)
Entity Relationship Type (Relation) Structure	subject→predicate→object 3-Tuples (or Triples), optionally associated with a Named Graph (Data Source Name or Internal Document/Page) to comprise 4-Tuples (or Quads)	Proprietary	N-Tuples + a Relation Header	N-Tuples + a Relation Header and/or subject→predicate→object 3-Tuples (or Triples) associated with a Named Graph (Data Source Name or Internal Document/Page)
Relation Representation Notation	RDF-Turtle, RDF-NTriples, RDF-XML, JSON-LD, HTML+Microdata, RDFa	Proprietary	CSV	CSV and/or RDF-Turtle, RDF-NTriples, RDF-XML, JSON-LD, HTML+Microdata, RDFa
Declarative Query Language for Relation Definition	RDF (open standard from W3C) (leveraging terms from a variety of shared Vocabularies and Ontologies including RDF basic Vocabulary, RDF Schema, OWL, and others), SPARQL (open standard from W3C)	Cypher, Gremlin, GraphQL, and other proprietary languages	SQL (open standard from ANSI/ISO)	SQL (open standard from ANSI/ISO) and/or RDF (open standard from W3C) (leveraging terms from a variety of shared Vocabularies and Ontologies including RDF basic Vocabulary, RDF Schema, OWL, and others), SPARQL (open standard from W3C), and R2RML (open standard from W3C) (for declaratively mapping Tabular Relations to RDF sentence/statement collections [or RDF Graphs])
Declarative Query Languages for Relation Manipulation	SPARQL (open standard from W3C)	Cypher, Gremlin, GraphQL, and other proprietary languages	SQL (open standard from ANSI/ISO)	SQL (open standard from ANSI/ISO) or SPARQL (open standard from W3C)
Reasoning & Inference Rules Language	RIF (open standard from W3C), SWRL (W3C Member Submission), or SPARQL (open standard from W3C) (leveraging terms from SPIN or SHACL vocabularies)	Unknown	Stored Procedures (SQL/PSM open standard from ANSI/ISO)	Stored Procedures (SQL/PSM open standard from ANSI/ISO) or RIF (open standard from W3C), SWRL (W3C Member Submission), or SPARQL (open standard from W3C) (leveraging terms from SPIN or SHACL vocabularies)
Database Connectivity Application Programming Interface (API)	SPARQL Query Protocol (open standard from W3C)	Proprietary	ODBC and JDBC (both open standard)	ODBC, JDBC (both open standard), and/or SPARQL Query Protocol
Transaction Properties	Lacks ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) semantics (i.e., ACID is not part of SPARQL)	Proprietary	ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) semantics (i.e., ACID is built into SQL)	ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) semantics (i.e., ACID is built into SQL and into SQL+SPARQL fusions/hybrids such as SPASQL)
Security	Coarse-grained Role-based Access Controls (RBAC)	Unknown	Coarse-grained Role-based Access Controls (RBAC)	Coarse-grained Role-based Access Controls (RBAC) and Fine-grained Attribute-based Access Controls (ABAC)
Standardized Benchmarks	Lehigh University Benchmark (LUBM); Linked Data Benchmark Council (LDBC) Social-Networking Benchmark (SNB) and/or Semantic Publishing Benchmark (SPB); Berlin SPARQL Benchmark (BSBM); Project Hobbit Faceted-Browsing Benchmark and/or Data Storage Benchmark (DSB)	Unknown	TPC-A, TPC-C, and/or TPC-H	TPC-A, TPC-C, TPC-H; and/or Lehigh University Benchmark (LUBM); Linked Data Benchmark Council (LDBC) Social-Networking Benchmark (SNB) and/or Semantic Publishing Benchmark (SPB); Berlin SPARQL Benchmark (BSBM), Project Hobbit Faceted-Browsing Benchmark and/or Data Storage Benchmark (DSB)
Products	Virtuoso, GraphDB, Fuseki, Stardog, AllegroGraph, Amazon Neptune	Neo4j, OrientDB, TigerGraph, DataStax Enterprise, ArangoDB, Amazon Neptune	Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, PostgresSQL, SAP-Sybase, Informix, Ingres, Progress OpenEdge, SQLite, PrestoDB	Virtuoso, Oracle, DB2, MarkLogic
Vendors	OpenLink Software, Ontotext, Apache, Stardog Union, Franz, Amazon	Neo Technology, OrientDB, TigerGraph, DataStax, ArangoDB, Amazon	Microsoft, Oracle, PostgreSQL Global Development Group, SAP, HCL, Actian, Progress Software, SQLite, Facebook	OpenLink Software, Oracle, IBM, MarkLogic

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